Refrigerating apparatus



0. M. SUMMERS REFRIGERATING APPARATUS March 8, 1938.

Original Filed Aug. 13, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 8, 1938.

o. M. SUMMERS 2,110,182 REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 15,1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 OT 72) f7. $11M) 5R3 atknmm Patented Mar. 8, 1 938NlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,110,182 BEFRIGERATING APPARATUS Otto M.Summers, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to General Motors Corporation,

poration of Delaware ratus and more particularly to a compressor of.

Dayton, Ohio, a cor- Application August 13, 1934, Serial No. 739,562

Renewed June 3, 1937 5 Claims. (c1. zso-zos) This invention relates torefrigerating appathe reciprocating piston type for a refrigeratingmachine.

fittings.

Also in compressors of the valved piston type, it has been customary tolocate the inlet connection in a wall of the crank case inasmuch as theconstruction requires that incoming gas must enter the crank case.

It is an object of the invention to provide a compressor having both theinlet and outlet connections therefor located in the head of thecompressor and to provide in the compressor cylinder head built-inmanually operable valves for closing the inlet and outlet connectionsduring service operations, as well as to provide in the cylinder headbuilt-in connections to the inlet and outlet for attaching gauges,charging apparatus, purging devices and other accessories utilized inperforming service operations.

It is also an object to provide a refrigerator compressor of the valvedpiston type having an inlet connection located in the cylinder head andwhich communicates with thecrank case of the compressor through abuilt-in conduit formed in the compressor body.

A further object is to provide filtering means in the built-in inletconduit of the compressor.

Further objects and advantagesofthe present invention will be apparentfrom the following description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearlyshown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an end view partly in section of a compressor embodying thepresent invention, the major elements of a complete refrigeratingapparatus being shown diagrammatically;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a top view of the cylinder head of the compressor; and

is adapted to compress gaseous refrigerant for conduit l2 to a condenserI4. is liquefied in the delivery through a The compressed refrigerantcondenser l4 and collected in a receiver I6, whence it is delivered bya. conduit l8 to an evaporator 20, which may contain the customary 5float valve (not'shown) for regulating the expansion of liquidrefrigerant therein. The conduit 22 delivers gaseous refrigerant to theinlet connection 24 of the compressor H]. A bellows 23 communicates withthe conduit 22 to control 10 a switch 28 for intermittently operating amotor 30 which drives the compressor Ill for maintaining substantiallyconstant temperatures in the evaporator 20. v The compressor l0 maycomprise a body mem- 1 bar 32 forming a crank case and one or morecylinders 34. Two cylinders are disclosed in the present embodiment.Pistons 36 are adapted to be reciprocated in the cylinders 34 by thecustomary crank shaft and connection rods, well 20 knownin the art, andare formed with inlet valves 38 therein for the admission of gas fromthe crank case to the cylinder. At the top of the body member 32, thereis mounted a valve plate '40 forming a seat for an exhaust valve 42 and25 immediately above the plate 40 there is provided a cylinder head 44,which together with plate 40,

is adapted to form a discharge chamber 46 above the valves 42. The head44 and valve plate 40 and body 32 are formed with apertures which, 30

together, form a conduit 48 communicating with the crank case of thecompressor body 32.

A horizontal bore 50 is formed in the cylinder head t communicate withthe conduit 48 and inlet connection 24 and to contain a manually 35operable valve 52. The valve 52 cooperates with a seat member 54 whichmay be formed at the inner end of the inlet connection 24, while theopposite end of the valve stem is squared at 56 for reception of asuitable tool for operating the 40 valve. A packing gland 58 is providedto seal the valve stem during operation and in order to assure hermeticsealing of the valve operating end of the bore 50 at times when thevalve 52 is not in use, a screw plug 60 is provided to seat against theouter face of the cylinder head by means of a gasket 62. An additionalbore 64 (see Fig. 2) is formed in the cylinder head communicatingbetween the bore 44 and the outside of the head. It is normally closedby ascrew plug 66;

A second bore 68 is formed in the cylinder head for the reception of amanually operable valve 10 adapted to cooperate with a seat formed onthe inner end of an outlet connection 12. A packing gland l4 and sealingplug 16 are provided 55 apparatus, the plugs 66 and to attach gauges orother tablished with the rest of the in the same manner as for the valve52. (Also,

. an additional bore 18 communicates between the bore 68 and the outsideof the head and isnormally closed by a screw plug. 80. The bore 68communicates with the discharge chamber 46 as shown in Fig. 4 at 82.Each of the valves 52 and 10 is provided with a back seat 84 and 86respectively for closing communication between the bores 50 and 68 andthe connections 24 and 12 respectively when the valvs are in openposition.

In operation, the valves normally lie in the positions shown in Fig. 2in which refrigerant is circulated through the inlet connection N andvalve 52 to the conduit 48 and the crank case of the compressor. Gasdischarged into the chamber 46 passes through the passage 82, and valve10 to the connection I2. During normal functioning of the refrigeratingapparatus, the operation is as just described.

Upon occasions when it becomes necessary to perform service operationson the refrigerating to may be removed service accessories and whenattached communication may be essystem by removing either or both ofthe'plugs and I6 and moving the valves 52 and 10 to a position midwaybetween the two seats therefor. Also if for any reason, it is desired toshut oii communication between the compressor and either the exhaustconduit I! or the intake conduit 22, either the valve 10 or the valve 52may be completely closed.

It will thus be seen vided a compressor ual intake and discharge valvesare provided as built-in parts of the compressor, andthat not only thedischarge valve, but the intake valve as well are located at thecylinder head. This contributes materially to a neat appearance of thecomplete refrigerating apparatus and eliminates a considerable number ofdetachable connections otherwise necessary.

While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed,constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other formsmight be adopted, all coming within'the scope of the claims whichfollow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. In a refrigerator compressor of the reciprocating valved piston type,the combination of a that there has been proin which the necessary man-L cylinder head, an outlet compressor body formingla cylinder and acrank case, a cylinder head, an inlet connection in said cylinder headand means forming a conduit from said inlet connection to the crank casefor conducting all incoming gas to the crank case through the cylinderhead and the compressor bo Y- case, a cylinder head, an inlet connectionin saidcylinder head, means forming a conduit from said inlet connectionto the crank case for conducting all incoming gas manually operablevalvein the cylinder head for at times closing said inlet connection, a borein the cylinder head communicating between said conduit and the outsideof the compressor, and means for closing the outer end of said bore.

4, In a refrigerator compressor of the reciprocating valved'piston type,the combination of a compressor body forming a cylinder and a crankcase, a cylinder head, an inlet connection in said cylinder head andmeans forming a conduit from said inlet connection to the crank caseextending through the cylinder head and the compressor body forconducting all incoming gas therethrough to the crank case, and amanually operable valve in the cylinder head for at times closing saidinlet connection.

5. In a refrigerator compressor of the reciprocating valved piston type,the combination of a compressor'body forming a cylinder and a crankcase,a cylinder head, an inlet connection in said connection in said cylinderhead, means forming a conduit from said inlet connection to thecrankcase for conducting all incoming gas to the crankcase, a'valvedreciprocating piston compressing gas from said crankcase and dischargingcompressed gas through said outlet connection. O'I'I'O M. SUMMERS.

to the crank case, a

